منابع مشابه
Posttranslational Regulation of Smads.
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family signaling dictates highly complex programs of gene expression responses, which are extensively regulated at multiple levels and vary depending on the physiological context. The formation, activation, and destruction of two major functional complexes in the TGF-β signaling pathway (i.e., the TGF-β receptor complexes and the Smad complexes that act as c...
متن کاملTranscriptional Control by the SMADs.
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of ligands elicit their biological effects by initiating new programs of gene expression. The best understood signal transducers for these ligands are the SMADs, which essentially act as transcription factors that are activated in the cytoplasm and then accumulate in the nucleus in response to ligand induction where they bind to enhancer/promoter ...
متن کاملMad spectra
The mad spectrum is the set of all cardinalities of infinite maximal almost disjoint families on ω. We treat the problem to characterize those sets A which, in some forcing extension of the universe, can be the mad spectrum. We give a complete solution to this problem under the assumption θ = θ, where θ = min(A). §0. Introduction. Recall that A ⊆ [ω] is called almost disjoint (a. d. for short),...
متن کاملLinking Smads and transcriptional activation.
TGF-beta1 (transforming growth factor-beta1) is the prototypical member of a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that regulate diverse biological processes during development and adult tissue homoeostasis. TGF-beta signals via membrane bound serine/threonine kinase receptors which transmit their signals via the intracellular signalling molecules Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4. These Smads contain con...
متن کاملVery Mad Families
The notion of very mad family is a strengthening of the notion of mad family of functions. Here we show existence of very mad families in different contexts.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1997
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/40290